linux 下的postfix的搭建-白红宇

linux 下的postfix的搭建

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发布时间：2019-06-20

本文共 8980 字，大约阅读时间需要 29 分钟。

postfix的搭建

实验环境：

前提：一台RHEL5（LAMP）：作为服务器，四个角色：DNS服务器邮件服务器 postfix服务器 dovecot服务器

一台xp：作为客户端：用来验证邮件的收发

环境的搭建：

=========================

第一步：挂装光盘：系统盘

[root@localhost ~]#umount -a

[root@localhost ~]#mount /dev/cdrom /media

第二步：设置ip地址修改/etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf /etc/sysconfig/network

[root@localhost ~]# setup

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts

192.168.0.1 ns1.benet.com ns1

192.168.0.1 mail.benet.com mail

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 192.168.0.1

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network

HOSTNAME=mail.benet.com

第三步：重启网络服务并让其在开机时在35运行级别下随机启动

[root@localhost ~]# service network restart

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --level 35 network on

第四步：重启虚拟机以便主机名生效

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

第五步：DNS的搭建：

[root@mail ~]# rpm -qa |grep bind

[root@mail ~]# cd /media/Server/

[root@mail Server]# rpm -vih bind-9.3.6-4.P1.el5.i386.rpm bind-chroot-9.3.6-4.P1.el5.i386.rpm caching-nameserver-9.3.6-4.P1.el5.i386.rpm （软件包的安装）

主配置文件的编辑：

[root@mail Server]# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/

[root@mail etc]# vim named.conf

options {

directory "/var/named";

};

zone "benet.com" IN {

type master;

file "benet.com.zone";

};

zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {

type master;

file "192.168.0.arpa";

};

主配置文件的语法检查：

[root@mail etc]# named-checkconf named.conf

区域配置文件的编辑：

[root@mail ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/

[root@mail named]# cp localdomain.zone benet.com.zone

[root@mail named]# cp localhost.zone 192.168.0.arpa

[root@mail named]# vim benet.com.zone （正向区域配置文件）

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA benet.com. admin.benet.com. (

42 ; serial (d. adams)

3H ; refresh

15M ; retry

1W ; expiry

1D ) ; minimum

IN NS ns1.benet.com.

IN MX 10 mail.benet.com.

ns1 IN A 192.168.0.1

mail IN A 192.168.0.1

www IN A 192.168.0.1

[root@mail named]# vim 192.168.0.arpa（反向区域配置文件）

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA benet.com. admin.benet.com. (

42 ; serial (d. adams)

3H ; refresh

15M ; retry

1W ; expiry

1D ) ; minimum

IN NS ns1.benet.com.

IN MX 10 mail.benet.com.

1 IN PTR ns1.benet.com.

1 IN PTR mail.benet.com.

1 IN PTR .

区域配置文件的语法检查：

[root@mail named]# named-checkzone benet.com benet.com.zone

zone benet.com/IN: loaded serial 42

[root@mail named]# named-checkzone benet.com 192.168.0.arpa

zone benet.com/IN: loaded serial 42

更改正向、反向区域配置文件的属主为named并启动named服务

[root@mail named]# chown named benet.com.zone

[root@mail named]# chown named 192.168.0.arpa

[root@mail named]# service named start

DNS的测试：

[root@mail named]# nslookup

Server: 192.168.0.1

Address: 192.168.0.1#53

Name:

Address: 192.168.0.1

[root@mail named]# nslookup 192.168.0.1

Server: 192.168.0.1

Address: 192.168.0.1#53

1.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = .

1.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = mail.benet.com.

1.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = ns1.benet.com.

到此环境搭建完毕，做快照DNS

============================================================================================

为了避免发生端口冲突、程序冲突的现象，关闭sendmail服务并让其随机关闭

[root@mail ~]# service sendmail status

sendmail (pid 2501) is running...

[root@mail ~]# service sendmail stop

Shutting down sm-client: [ OK ]

Shutting down sendmail: [ OK ]

[root@mail ~]# chkconfig --level 35 sendmail off

检查一下postfix所支持的smtp认证所需的软件是否已经安装好

[root@mail ~]# rpm -qa |grep cyrus

cyrus-sasl-lib-2.1.22-5.el5

cyrus-sasl-plain-2.1.22-5.el5

cyrus-sasl-devel-2.1.22-5.el5

cyrus-sasl-2.1.22-5.el5

为了加强对服务器权限的控制，创建专门的运行用户和组

[root@mail ~]# groupadd -g 1200 postdrop

[root@mail ~]# groupadd -g 1000 postfix

[root@mail ~]# useradd -M -u 1000 -g postfix -G postdrop -s /sbin/nologin postfix

挂第十章的光盘

[root@mail ~]# umount -a

umount: /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs: device is busy

umount: /: device is busy

[root@mail ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/

mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@mail ~]# cd /media/

[root@mail media]# ls

dovecot-2.0.12.tar.gz postfix-2.8.2.tar.gz

确定光盘挂装好以后，将所需要的软件包给复制到/root,切记不可在光盘的根目录下直接解压

[root@mail media]# cp dovecot-2.0.12.tar.gz postfix-2.8.2.tar.gz /root

postfix的源代码安装过程：解压编译前的预配置编译安装

[root@mail ~]# tar zxvf postfix-2.8.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/cd /usr/src/postfix-2.8.2/

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# make makefiles 'CCARGS=-DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl' 'AUXLIBS=-L/usr/lib/sasl2 -lsasl2';make;make install

接下来会出现一个交互式的界面，一路回车

一定要确保看到这两种认证方式：

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# postconf -a

cyrus

dovecot

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# postfix start

postfix/postfix-script: starting the Postfix mail system

postfix主配置文件的生成：

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# postconf -n > tmp.file

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# mv /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf.bak

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# mv tmp.file /etc/postfix/main.cf

配置SMTP发信服务：

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cfinet_interfaces = 192.168.0.1, 127.0.0.1

myhostname = mail.benet.com

mydomain = benet.com

myorigin = $mydomain

mydestination = $mydomain, $myhostname

home_mailbox = Maildir/

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# postfix reload

postfix/postfix-script: refreshing the Postfix mail system

添加邮箱账号，以方便测试用

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# groupadd mailusers

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# useradd -g mailusers -s /sbin/nologin xiaoqi

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# useradd -g mailusers -s /sbin/nologin lisi

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# passwd xiaoqi

Changing password for user xiaoqi.

New UNIX password:

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@mail postfix-2.8.2]# passwd lisi

Changing password for user lisi.

New UNIX password:

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

SMTP的发送邮件测试：

[root@mail ~]# telnet mail.benet.com 25

Trying 192.168.0.1...

Connected to mail.benet.com (192.168.0.1).

Escape character is '^]'.

220 mail.benet.com ESMTP Postfix

helo mail.benet.com

250 mail.benet.com

mail from:xiaoqi@benet.com

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:lisi@benet.com

250 2.1.5 Ok

data

354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>

subject: a test mail

hello lisi

wo shi xiaoqi,this is a test mail

250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 4B25F3B88DB

quit

221 2.0.0 Bye

Connection closed by foreign host.

去lisi的宿主目录下去查看：

[root@mail ~]# cd /home/lisi/

[root@mail lisi]# ls

Maildir

[root@mail lisi]# cd Maildir/

[root@mail Maildir]# ls

cur new tmp

[root@mail Maildir]# cd new/

[root@mail new]# ls

1365058456.Vfd00Id001aM607518.mail.benet.com

[root@mail new]# cat 1365058456.Vfd00Id001aM607518.mail.benet.com

Return-Path: <>

X-Original-To:

Delivered-To:

Received: from mail.benet.com (ns1.benet.com [192.168.0.1])

by mail.benet.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 4B25F3B88DB

for <>; Thu, 4 Apr 2013 02:53:40 -0400 (EDT)

subject: a test mail

Message-Id: <>

Date: Thu, 4 Apr 2013 02:53:40 -0400 (EDT)

From:

hello lisi

wo shi xiaoqi,this is a test mail

若能够看到如上结果，则表示postfix服务器搭建成功。

部署dovecot

先创建dovecot的运行用户

[root@mail ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin dovecot

[root@mail ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin dovenull

dovecot源码包的安装：

[root@mail ~]# tar zxvf dovecot-2.0.12.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

[root@mail ~]# cd /usr/src/dovecot-2.0.12/

[root@mail dovecot-2.0.12]# ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc/ ;make;make install

将dovecot添加为系统服务：

[root@mail dovecot-2.0.12]# cp doc/dovecot-initd.sh /etc/init.d/dovecot

[root@mail dovecot-2.0.12]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/dovecot

[root@mail dovecot-2.0.12]# chkconfig --add dovecot

dovecot主配置文件的生成

[root@mail ~]# cp -r /usr/local/share/doc/dovecot/example-config/* /etc/dovecot/

若要支持系统用户认证，则必须要创建PAM认证文件

[root@mail ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/dovecot

auth required pam_nologin.so

auth include system-auth

account include system-auth

session include system-auth

调整主配置文件：（修改20行、83，手动添加后三行）

[root@mail ~]# vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf

20 protocols = imap pop3

83 !include conf.d/10-auth.conf

84 ssl = no

85 disable_plaintext_auth = no

86 mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir

启动dovecot服务并查看其端口号,确保110、143端口都处于监听状态

[root@mail ~]# service dovecot start

Starting Dovecot.

[root@mail ~]# netstat -anpt |grep dovecot

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:110 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3538/dovecot

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3538/dovecot

tcp 0 0 :::110 :::* LISTEN 3538/dovecot

tcp 0 0 :::143 :::* LISTEN 3538/dovecot

POP3接收邮件测试：

[root@mail ~]# telnet mail.benet.com 110

Trying 192.168.0.1...

Connected to mail.benet.com (192.168.0.1).

Escape character is '^]'.

+OK Dovecot ready.

user lisi

+OK

pass 123.com

+OK Logged in.

list

+OK 1 messages:

1 469

retr 1

+OK 469 octets

Return-Path: <>

X-Original-To:

Delivered-To:

Received: from mail.benet.com (ns1.benet.com [192.168.0.1])

by mail.benet.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 4B25F3B88DB

for <>; Thu, 4 Apr 2013 02:53:40 -0400 (EDT)

subject: a test mail

Message-Id: <>

Date: Thu, 4 Apr 2013 02:53:40 -0400 (EDT)

From:

hello lisi

wo shi xiaoqi,this is a test mail

quit

+OK Logging out.

Connection closed by foreign host.

若能看到上述结果，则说明dovecot服务器搭建成功。创建dovecot快照

另外要到客户端xp去做测试：记得一定要填写首选DNS服务器：192.168.0.1

使用客户端的OE去做测试,创建两个用户xiaoqi lisi xiaoqi给lisi发信，若lisi能够收到则表示postfix和dovecot服务器都构建成功。========================================================================================================================

========================================================================================================================

刚出道的小菜鸟（此实验在虚拟机中做的）

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/5983944/1287626

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